Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
Volume 39, Issue 3 , Pages 158-163 , April 2011

Face perception in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and patients with severe Class III malocclusion compared to controls

  • Philipp Meyer-Marcotty

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. A. Stellzig-Eisenhauer), Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany. Tel.: +49 931 20173320; fax: +49 931 20173300.
  • ,
  • Janka Kochel

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. A. Stellzig-Eisenhauer), Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
  • ,
  • Hartmut Boehm

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. A.C. Kuebler), Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
  • ,
  • Christian Linz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. A.C. Kuebler), Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
  • ,
  • Uwe Klammert

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. A.C. Kuebler), Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
  • ,
  • Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. A. Stellzig-Eisenhauer), Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, University of Wuerzburg, Germany

Received 1 September 2009 ,Accepted 4 May 2010.

References 

  1. Anic-Milosevic S, Mestrovic S, Prlić A, Slaj M. Proportions in the upper lip–lower lip–chin area of the lower face as determined by photogrammetric method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2010;38:90–95
  2. Benz M, Laboureux X, Maier T, Nkenke E, Seeger S, Neukam FW, et al. The symmetry of faces. In:  Greiner G,  Niemann H,  Ertl T,  Girod B,  Seidel HP editor. Vision, modeling, and visualization. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2002;p. 332–339
  3. Bernstein NR, Kapp K. Adolescents with cleft palate: body-image and psychosocial problems. Psychosomatics. 1981;22:97–103
  4. Broder HL, Smith FB, Strauss RP. Effects of visible and invisible orofacial defects on self-perception and adjustment across developmental areas and gender. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1994;31:429–436
  5. Bull R, David I. The stigmatising effect of facial disfigurement. J Cross Cult Psychol. 1986;17:99–108
  6. Corballis MC, Beale IL. The psychology of left and right. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1976;
  7. Dahlberg G. Statistical methods for medical and biological students. New York: Interscience Publication; 1940;
  8. Duffy S, Noar JH, Evans RD, Sanders R. Three-dimensional analysis of the child cleft face. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000;37:137–144
  9. Farkas LG, Cheung G. Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians. An anthropometrical study. Angle Orthod. 1981;51:70–77
  10. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM, Colombo A, Carù A. A quantitative three-dimensional assessment of soft tissue facial asymmetry of cleft lip and palate adult patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2003;14:739–746
  11. Goldmann W, Lewis P. Beautiful is good: evidence that the physically attractive are more socially skilled. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1977;13:125–130
  12. Good S, Edler R, Wertheim D, Greenhill D. A computerized photographic assessment of the relationship between skeletal discrepancy and mandibular outline asymmetry. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:97–102
  13. Hartmann J, Meyer-Marcotty P, Benz M, Häusler G, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A. Reliability of a method for computing facial symmetry plane and degree of asymmetry based on 3D data. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68:477–490
  14. Hotz MM, Gnoinski WM, Nussbaumer M, Kistler E. Early maxillary orthopedics in CLP cases. Guidelines for surgery. Cleft Palate J. 1978;15:405–411
  15. Hunt OT, Johnston CD, Hepper PG, Burden DJ. The psychosocial impact of orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:490–497
  16. Hurwitz DJ, Ashby ER, Llull R, Pasqual J, Tabor C, Garrison L, et al. Computer-assisted anthropometry for outcome assessment of cleft lip. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103:1608–1623
  17. Johnston C, Hunt O, Burden D, Stevenson M, Hepper P. The influence of mandibular prominence on facial attractiveness. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27:129–133
  18. Johnstone RA. Female preference for symmetrical males as a by-product of selection for mate recognition. Nature. 1994;372:172–175
  19. Kijak HA. Cultural and psychologic influences on treatment demand. Semin Orthod. 2000;6:242
  20. Lee LW, Chen SH, Yu CC, Lo LJ, Lee SR, Chen YR. Stigma, body image, and quality of life in women seeking orthognathic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:225–231
  21. Meyer-Marcotty P, Alpers GW, Gerdes ABM, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A. The impact of facial asymmetry in visual perception – a 3D data analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:168.e1–168.e8[Discussion 168]
  22. Meyer-Marcotty P, Alpers GW, Gerdes ABM, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A. How orthognathic patients are perceived by others: an eye-tracking study. World J Orthod, in press.
  23. Mommaerts MY, Moerenhout BA. Reliability of clinical measurements used in the determination of facial indices. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2008;36:279–284
  24. Nagy K, Mommaerts MY. Analysis of the cleft-lip nose in submental-vertical view, part I – reliability of a new measurement instrument. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2007;35:265–277
  25. Nkenke E, Benz M, Maier T, Wiltfang J, Holbach LM, Kramer M, et al. Relative en- and exophthalmometry in zygomatic fractures comparing optical non-contact, non-ionizing 3D imaging to the Hertel instrument and computed tomography. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2003;31:362–368
  26. Nkenke E, Langer A, Laboureux X, Benz M, Maier T, Kramer M, et al. Validation of in vivo assessment of facial soft-tissue volume changes and clinical application in midfacial distraction: a technical report. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:367–380
  27. Nollet PJ, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Chatzigianni A, Semb G, Shaw WC, Bronkhorst EM, et al. Nasolabial appearance in unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate: a comparison with Eurocleft. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2007;35:278–286
  28. Ozsoy U, Demirel BM, Yildirim FB, Tosun O, Sarikcioglu L. Method selection in craniofacial measurements: advantages and disadvantages of 3D digitization method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2009;37:285–290
  29. Randall P. A triangular flap operation for the primary repair of unilateral cleft of the lip. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1959;23:331–347
  30. Ras F, Habets LL, van Ginkel FC, Prahl-Andersen B. Method for quantifying facial asymmetry in three dimensions using stereophotogrammetry. Angle Orthod. 1995;65:233–239
  31. Rhodes G, Proffitt F, Grady JM, Sumich A. Facial symmetry and the perception of beauty. Psycho Bull Rev. 1998;5:659–669
  32. Rhodes G. The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. Annu Rev Psychol. 2006;57:199–226
  33. Scheib JE, Gangestad SW, Thornhill R. Facial attractiveness, symmetry and cues of good genes. Proc Biol Sci. 1999;266:1913–1917
  34. Schwenzer-Zimmerer K, Chaitidis D, Berg-Boerner I, Krol Z, Kovacs L, Schwenzer NF, et al. Quantitative 3D soft tissue analysis of symmetry prior to and after unilateral cleft lip repair compared with non-cleft persons (performed in Cambodia). J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2008;36:431–438
  35. Shackelford TK, Larsen RJ. Facial asymmetry as an indicator of psychological, emotional, and physiological distress. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;72:456–466
  36. Springer N, Wannicke B, Warnke PH, Zernial O, Wiltfang J, Russo PA, et al. Facial attractiveness: visual impact of symmetry increases significantly towards the midline. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;59:156–162
  37. Tennison CW. The repair of the unilateral cleft lip by the stencil method. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1952;8:115–123
  38. Tobiasen JM, Hiebert JM. Clefting and psychosocial adjustment. Influence of facial aesthetics. Clin Plast Surg. 1993;20:623–631
  39. Turner SR, Rumsey N, Sandy JR. Psychological aspects of cleft lip and palate. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20:407–415
  40. Watson PM, Thornhill R. Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection. Trends Ecol Evol. 1994;9:21–25

PII: S1010-5182(10)00109-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2010.05.001

Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
Volume 39, Issue 3 , Pages 158-163 , April 2011